Scientists have given each and every recognised species on earth its own
scientific names to uniquely identify them to avoid confusion. At the simplest level of scientific classification, each scientific name consists of two parts - a generic (or genus) name and a specific name or epithet. Together, these two names are referred to as a binomial. The generic name refer to collective name for a group of organism, here, plants and animals. Group of organisms have similar characters and are represented by the generic name. They all evolve from one common ancestor. The specific name distinguish between different organism with a genus. The first part of the scientific name are always written with the generic name first. It starts with capital letters.
For example, Pyrus. The second part, specific name (epithet) following the generic name is written in lower case letter. For example, malus.Thus, full scientific name of Apple will be Pyrus malus.
Following is the list of common scientific name mostly asked in the competitive exam.
Scientific Names of Vegetables
| ||
S.No
|
Common Name
|
Scientific Name
|
1
|
Brinjal
|
Solanum melongena
|
2
|
Capsicum
|
Capsicum fruitscence
|
3
|
Carrot
|
Daucas carota
|
4
|
Cucumber
|
Cucumis sativas
|
5
|
Onion
|
Allium cepa
|
6
|
Potato
|
Solanum tubersum
|
7
|
Radish
|
Raphanus sativus
|
8
|
Spinach
|
Lactuca sativa
|
9
|
Tomato
|
Lycopersican esculentum
|
Scientific Names of Cereal, Pulses, Millets
| ||
S.No
|
Common Name
|
Scientific Name
|
1
|
Black Gram
|
Plasoes Mungo
|
2
|
Bean
|
Fabaceae
|
3
|
Cabbage
|
Brassica oleracea
|
4
|
Green Gram
|
Phaseolies auicus
|
5
|
Horse Gram
|
Dolichos biffoeus
|
6
|
Jowar
|
Sorghum Vulgare
|
7
|
Maize
|
Zea Mays
|
8
|
Red Gram
|
Cojonus Cgjan
|
9
|
Rice
|
Oryza Sativa, Oryza Glaberrima
|
10
|
Wheat
|
Triticum Aestivum
|
Scientific Names of Fruits
| ||
S.No
|
Common Name
|
Scientific Name
|
1
|
Apple
|
Pyrus malus
|
2
|
Banana
|
Musa paradisicum
|
3
|
Chiku
|
Achras sapota
|
4
|
Guava
|
Psidium guava
|
5
|
Jack fruit
|
Artocarpus integra
|
6
|
Lemon
|
Citrus Limonium
|
7
|
Mango
|
Mangifera indica
|
8
|
Mulberry
|
Morus
|
9
|
Orange
|
Citrus aurantium
|
10
|
Pear
|
Pyrus
|
11
|
Pineapple
|
Ananus sativus
|
12
|
Pomegranate
|
Punica granatum
|
13
|
Strawberry
|
Fragaria × ananassa
|
14
|
Sweet Patato
|
Ipomoea batatas
|
15
|
Watermelon
|
Citrullus vulgaris
|
Scientific Names of Spices
| ||
S.No
|
Common Name
|
Scientific Name
|
1
|
Black Pepper
|
Piper nigrum
|
2
|
Clove
|
Syzygium aromaticum
|
3
|
Garlic
|
Allium Sativum
|
4
|
Ginger
|
Zingiber officinale
|
5
|
Turmeric
|
Curcuma longa
|
Scientific Names of Plants and Trees
| ||
S.No
|
Common Name
|
Scientific Name
|
1
|
Bamboo
|
Bamboosa Aridinarifolia
|
2
|
Banyan
|
Ficus Benghalensis
|
3
|
Coconut
|
Cocos nucifera
|
4
|
Coffee Plant
|
Coffea spp.
|
5
|
Cotton
|
Gossypium Herbaceum
|
6
|
Kadamb
|
Anthocephalus indicus
|
7
|
Lemon
|
Citrus limonium
|
8
|
Neem
|
Azadhirachta Indica
|
9
|
Olive
|
Olea europaea
|
10
|
Peacock Flower (Gulmohar)
|
Delonix regia rafin
|
11
|
Peanut
|
Arachis hypogaea
|
12
|
Peepal
|
Ficus religiosa Linn.
|
13
|
Purple orchid tree (Kachnar)
|
Bauhinia purpurea
|
14
|
Rose
|
Rosa
|
15
|
Saffron
|
Crocus sativus
|
16
|
Sandalwood
|
Santalum Album
|
17
|
Silver Oak
|
Grevillea robusta
|
18
|
Sugarcane
|
Saccharum
|
19
|
Sunflower
|
Helianthus annuus
|
20
|
Tamarind tree
|
Tamarindus indica
|
21
|
Tea
|
Camellia sinensis
|
22
|
Teak
|
Tectona grandis Linn.
|
23
|
Tobacco
|
Nicotina Tobaccum
|
24
|
Tulsi
|
Ocimum Sanctum
|
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